Musik och ljudeffekter

Ett spel behöver inte bara grafik för att det ska bli bra. Det behövs även musik och ljudeffekter.

Implementering

Aktivera feature för ljud

För att kunna använda ljud i Macroquad måste en feature aktiveras för dess crate i Cargo.toml filen för ditt spel. Uppdatera raden för macroquad under rubriken [dependencies] till att inkludera featuren audio.

[package]
name = "my-game"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"

# See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html

[dependencies]
macroquad = { version = "0.4", features = ["audio"] }
macroquad-particles = "0.2.0"

Importera

Ljudmodulen är inte inkluderad i Macroquads prelude, därför behöver vi importera det vi använder i modulen audio längst upp i källkoden.

use macroquad::audio::{load_sound, play_sound, play_sound_once, PlaySoundParams};

Ladda in resurser

Efter att alla texturer är inladdade så kan vi ladda in musiken och ljudeffekter. Vi har en mp3-fil med musiken som heter 8bit-spaceshooter.ogg och två wav-filer med ljudeffekter, explosion.wav och laser.wav. Musiken använder filformatet Ogg Vorbis som stöds av det mesta, dock inte av vissa webbläsare.

    let theme_music = load_sound("8bit-spaceshooter.ogg").await.unwrap();
    let sound_explosion = load_sound("explosion.wav").await.unwrap();
    let sound_laser = load_sound("laser.wav").await.unwrap();

Spela upp musik

Innan loopen börjar vi spela upp musiken. Det görs med play_sound, som tar ett ljud, och structen PlaySoundParams. Vi sätter att ljudet ska spelas loopande, och med full volym.

    play_sound(
        &theme_music,
        PlaySoundParams {
            looped: true,
            volume: 1.,
        },
    );

Info

För att stoppa musiken kan man använda funktionen stop_sound() som tar ett ljud som argument.

Spela laserljud

När spelaren skjuter en ny kula så spelar vi upp ett laserljud med hjälp av funktionen play_sound_once() som tar det ljud som ska spelas upp som argument. Det är en genväg för att slippa använda PlaySoundParams för att spela upp ett ljud som inte loopar.

                    bullets.push(Shape {
                        x: circle.x,
                        y: circle.y - 24.0,
                        speed: circle.speed * 2.0,
                        size: 32.0,
                        collided: false,
                    });
                    play_sound_once(&sound_laser);

Info

Det går även att sätta ljudvolym per ljud med hjälp av funktionen set_sound_volume() som tar ett ljud och ett tal mellan 0 och 1.

Spela explosionsljud

När en kula träffar en fiende spelar vi upp explosionsljudet, även detta med play_sound_once.

                        if bullet.collides_with(square) {
                            bullet.collided = true;
                            square.collided = true;
                            score += square.size.round() as u32;
                            high_score = high_score.max(score);
                            explosions.push((
                                Emitter::new(EmitterConfig {
                                    amount: square.size.round() as u32 * 4,
                                    texture: Some(explosion_texture.clone()),
                                    ..particle_explosion()
                                }),
                                vec2(square.x, square.y),
                            ));
                            play_sound_once(&sound_explosion);
                        }

När du startar spelet bör det nu spela upp musik och ljudeffekter.

Utmaning

Det kanske är lite intensivt att musiken börjar på full volym direkt, prova att sänka volymen i början och höj den när spelet börjar. Prova även att stoppa musiken när spelaren pausar spelet.

Kompletta källkoden

Klicka för att visa hela källkoden
use macroquad::audio::{load_sound, play_sound, play_sound_once, PlaySoundParams};
use macroquad::experimental::animation::{AnimatedSprite, Animation};
use macroquad::prelude::*;
use macroquad_particles::{self as particles, AtlasConfig, Emitter, EmitterConfig};

use std::fs;

const FRAGMENT_SHADER: &str = include_str!("starfield-shader.glsl");

const VERTEX_SHADER: &str = "#version 100
attribute vec3 position;
attribute vec2 texcoord;
attribute vec4 color0;
varying float iTime;

uniform mat4 Model;
uniform mat4 Projection;
uniform vec4 _Time;

void main() {
    gl_Position = Projection * Model * vec4(position, 1);
    iTime = _Time.x;
}
";

struct Shape {
    size: f32,
    speed: f32,
    x: f32,
    y: f32,
    collided: bool,
}

impl Shape {
    fn collides_with(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
        self.rect().overlaps(&other.rect())
    }

    fn rect(&self) -> Rect {
        Rect {
            x: self.x - self.size / 2.0,
            y: self.y - self.size / 2.0,
            w: self.size,
            h: self.size,
        }
    }
}

enum GameState {
    MainMenu,
    Playing,
    Paused,
    GameOver,
}

fn particle_explosion() -> particles::EmitterConfig {
    particles::EmitterConfig {
        local_coords: false,
        one_shot: true,
        emitting: true,
        lifetime: 0.6,
        lifetime_randomness: 0.3,
        explosiveness: 0.65,
        initial_direction_spread: 2.0 * std::f32::consts::PI,
        initial_velocity: 400.0,
        initial_velocity_randomness: 0.8,
        size: 16.0,
        size_randomness: 0.3,
        atlas: Some(AtlasConfig::new(5, 1, 0..)),
        ..Default::default()
    }
}

#[macroquad::main("My game")]
async fn main() {
    const MOVEMENT_SPEED: f32 = 200.0;

    rand::srand(miniquad::date::now() as u64);
    let mut squares = vec![];
    let mut bullets: Vec<Shape> = vec![];
    let mut circle = Shape {
        size: 32.0,
        speed: MOVEMENT_SPEED,
        x: screen_width() / 2.0,
        y: screen_height() / 2.0,
        collided: false,
    };
    let mut score: u32 = 0;
    let mut high_score: u32 = fs::read_to_string("highscore.dat")
        .map_or(Ok(0), |i| i.parse::<u32>())
        .unwrap_or(0);
    let mut game_state = GameState::MainMenu;

    let mut direction_modifier: f32 = 0.0;
    let render_target = render_target(320, 150);
    render_target.texture.set_filter(FilterMode::Nearest);
    let material = load_material(
        ShaderSource::Glsl {
            vertex: VERTEX_SHADER,
            fragment: FRAGMENT_SHADER,
        },
        MaterialParams {
            uniforms: vec![
                ("iResolution".to_owned(), UniformType::Float2),
                ("direction_modifier".to_owned(), UniformType::Float1),
            ],
            ..Default::default()
        },
    )
    .unwrap();

    let mut explosions: Vec<(Emitter, Vec2)> = vec![];

    set_pc_assets_folder("assets");
    let ship_texture: Texture2D = load_texture("ship.png").await.expect("Couldn't load file");
    ship_texture.set_filter(FilterMode::Nearest);
    let bullet_texture: Texture2D = load_texture("laser-bolts.png")
        .await
        .expect("Couldn't load file");
    bullet_texture.set_filter(FilterMode::Nearest);
    let explosion_texture: Texture2D = load_texture("explosion.png")
        .await
        .expect("Couldn't load file");
    explosion_texture.set_filter(FilterMode::Nearest);
    let enemy_small_texture: Texture2D = load_texture("enemy-small.png")
        .await
        .expect("Couldn't load file");
    enemy_small_texture.set_filter(FilterMode::Nearest);
    build_textures_atlas();

    let theme_music = load_sound("8bit-spaceshooter.ogg").await.unwrap();
    let sound_explosion = load_sound("explosion.wav").await.unwrap();
    let sound_laser = load_sound("laser.wav").await.unwrap();

    let mut bullet_sprite = AnimatedSprite::new(
        16,
        16,
        &[
            Animation {
                name: "bullet".to_string(),
                row: 0,
                frames: 2,
                fps: 12,
            },
            Animation {
                name: "bolt".to_string(),
                row: 1,
                frames: 2,
                fps: 12,
            },
        ],
        true,
    );
    bullet_sprite.set_animation(1);
    let mut ship_sprite = AnimatedSprite::new(
        16,
        24,
        &[
            Animation {
                name: "idle".to_string(),
                row: 0,
                frames: 2,
                fps: 12,
            },
            Animation {
                name: "left".to_string(),
                row: 2,
                frames: 2,
                fps: 12,
            },
            Animation {
                name: "right".to_string(),
                row: 4,
                frames: 2,
                fps: 12,
            },
        ],
        true,
    );
    let mut enemy_small_sprite = AnimatedSprite::new(
        17,
        16,
        &[Animation {
            name: "enemy_small".to_string(),
            row: 0,
            frames: 2,
            fps: 12,
        }],
        true,
    );

    play_sound(
        &theme_music,
        PlaySoundParams {
            looped: true,
            volume: 1.,
        },
    );

    loop {
        clear_background(BLACK);

        material.set_uniform("iResolution", (screen_width(), screen_height()));
        material.set_uniform("direction_modifier", direction_modifier);
        gl_use_material(&material);
        draw_texture_ex(
            &render_target.texture,
            0.,
            0.,
            WHITE,
            DrawTextureParams {
                dest_size: Some(vec2(screen_width(), screen_height())),
                ..Default::default()
            },
        );
        gl_use_default_material();

        match game_state {
            GameState::MainMenu => {
                if is_key_pressed(KeyCode::Escape) {
                    std::process::exit(0);
                }
                if is_key_pressed(KeyCode::Space) {
                    squares.clear();
                    bullets.clear();
                    explosions.clear();
                    circle.x = screen_width() / 2.0;
                    circle.y = screen_height() / 2.0;
                    score = 0;
                    game_state = GameState::Playing;
                }
                let text = "Press space";
                let text_dimensions = measure_text(text, None, 50, 1.0);
                draw_text(
                    text,
                    screen_width() / 2.0 - text_dimensions.width / 2.0,
                    screen_height() / 2.0,
                    50.0,
                    WHITE,
                );
            }
            GameState::Playing => {
                let delta_time = get_frame_time();
                ship_sprite.set_animation(0);
                if is_key_down(KeyCode::Right) {
                    circle.x += MOVEMENT_SPEED * delta_time;
                    direction_modifier += 0.05 * delta_time;
                    ship_sprite.set_animation(2);
                }
                if is_key_down(KeyCode::Left) {
                    circle.x -= MOVEMENT_SPEED * delta_time;
                    direction_modifier -= 0.05 * delta_time;
                    ship_sprite.set_animation(1);
                }
                if is_key_down(KeyCode::Down) {
                    circle.y += MOVEMENT_SPEED * delta_time;
                }
                if is_key_down(KeyCode::Up) {
                    circle.y -= MOVEMENT_SPEED * delta_time;
                }
                if is_key_pressed(KeyCode::Space) {
                    bullets.push(Shape {
                        x: circle.x,
                        y: circle.y - 24.0,
                        speed: circle.speed * 2.0,
                        size: 32.0,
                        collided: false,
                    });
                    play_sound_once(&sound_laser);
                }
                if is_key_pressed(KeyCode::Escape) {
                    game_state = GameState::Paused;
                }

                // Clamp X and Y to be within the screen
                circle.x = clamp(circle.x, 0.0, screen_width());
                circle.y = clamp(circle.y, 0.0, screen_height());

                // Generate a new square
                if rand::gen_range(0, 99) >= 95 {
                    let size = rand::gen_range(16.0, 64.0);
                    squares.push(Shape {
                        size,
                        speed: rand::gen_range(50.0, 150.0),
                        x: rand::gen_range(size / 2.0, screen_width() - size / 2.0),
                        y: -size,
                        collided: false,
                    });
                }

                // Movement
                for square in &mut squares {
                    square.y += square.speed * delta_time;
                }
                for bullet in &mut bullets {
                    bullet.y -= bullet.speed * delta_time;
                }
                ship_sprite.update();
                bullet_sprite.update();
                enemy_small_sprite.update();

                // Remove shapes outside of screen
                squares.retain(|square| square.y < screen_height() + square.size);
                bullets.retain(|bullet| bullet.y > 0.0 - bullet.size / 2.0);

                // Remove collided shapes
                squares.retain(|square| !square.collided);
                bullets.retain(|bullet| !bullet.collided);

                // Remove old explosions
                explosions.retain(|(explosion, _)| explosion.config.emitting);

                // Check for collisions
                if squares.iter().any(|square| circle.collides_with(square)) {
                    if score == high_score {
                        fs::write("highscore.dat", high_score.to_string()).ok();
                    }
                    game_state = GameState::GameOver;
                }
                for square in squares.iter_mut() {
                    for bullet in bullets.iter_mut() {
                        if bullet.collides_with(square) {
                            bullet.collided = true;
                            square.collided = true;
                            score += square.size.round() as u32;
                            high_score = high_score.max(score);
                            explosions.push((
                                Emitter::new(EmitterConfig {
                                    amount: square.size.round() as u32 * 4,
                                    texture: Some(explosion_texture.clone()),
                                    ..particle_explosion()
                                }),
                                vec2(square.x, square.y),
                            ));
                            play_sound_once(&sound_explosion);
                        }
                    }
                }

                // Draw everything
                let bullet_frame = bullet_sprite.frame();
                for bullet in &bullets {
                    draw_texture_ex(
                        &bullet_texture,
                        bullet.x - bullet.size / 2.0,
                        bullet.y - bullet.size / 2.0,
                        WHITE,
                        DrawTextureParams {
                            dest_size: Some(vec2(bullet.size, bullet.size)),
                            source: Some(bullet_frame.source_rect),
                            ..Default::default()
                        },
                    );
                }
                let ship_frame = ship_sprite.frame();
                draw_texture_ex(
                    &ship_texture,
                    circle.x - ship_frame.dest_size.x,
                    circle.y - ship_frame.dest_size.y,
                    WHITE,
                    DrawTextureParams {
                        dest_size: Some(ship_frame.dest_size * 2.0),
                        source: Some(ship_frame.source_rect),
                        ..Default::default()
                    },
                );
                let enemy_frame = enemy_small_sprite.frame();
                for square in &squares {
                    draw_texture_ex(
                        &enemy_small_texture,
                        square.x - square.size / 2.0,
                        square.y - square.size / 2.0,
                        WHITE,
                        DrawTextureParams {
                            dest_size: Some(vec2(square.size, square.size)),
                            source: Some(enemy_frame.source_rect),
                            ..Default::default()
                        },
                    );
                }
                for (explosion, coords) in explosions.iter_mut() {
                    explosion.draw(*coords);
                }
                draw_text(
                    format!("Score: {}", score).as_str(),
                    10.0,
                    35.0,
                    25.0,
                    WHITE,
                );
                let highscore_text = format!("High score: {}", high_score);
                let text_dimensions = measure_text(highscore_text.as_str(), None, 25, 1.0);
                draw_text(
                    highscore_text.as_str(),
                    screen_width() - text_dimensions.width - 10.0,
                    35.0,
                    25.0,
                    WHITE,
                );
            }
            GameState::Paused => {
                if is_key_pressed(KeyCode::Space) {
                    game_state = GameState::Playing;
                }
                let text = "Paused";
                let text_dimensions = measure_text(text, None, 50, 1.0);
                draw_text(
                    text,
                    screen_width() / 2.0 - text_dimensions.width / 2.0,
                    screen_height() / 2.0,
                    50.0,
                    WHITE,
                );
            }
            GameState::GameOver => {
                if is_key_pressed(KeyCode::Space) {
                    game_state = GameState::MainMenu;
                }
                let text = "GAME OVER!";
                let text_dimensions = measure_text(text, None, 50, 1.0);
                draw_text(
                    text,
                    screen_width() / 2.0 - text_dimensions.width / 2.0,
                    screen_height() / 2.0,
                    50.0,
                    RED,
                );
            }
        }

        next_frame().await
    }
}
Agical